How to handle broadcasting errors when subtracting a scalar from a 2D NumPy array?
I'm prototyping a solution and After trying multiple solutions online, I still can't figure this out... I'm working with a broadcasting behavior when trying to subtract a scalar value from each element of a 2D NumPy array. The question arises when I attempt to perform the operation on an array that has been initialized with a certain shape. Below is the code snippet that illustrates the scenario: ```python import numpy as np # Initialize a 2D array with random values array_2d = np.random.rand(4, 5) scalar_value = 2.0 # Attempting to subtract the scalar from the array result = array_2d - scalar_value print(result) ``` When I execute this code, I expect to see a new array where 2.0 has been subtracted from each element of `array_2d`. However, I am getting an unexpected output and sometimes an behavior message about shape mismatch: ``` ValueError: operands could not be broadcast together with shapes (4,5) (1,) ``` I have verified that the scalar is indeed a single float value and should not interfere with the broadcasting mechanism. I also checked the shape of `array_2d` and confirmed it is correctly defined as `(4, 5)`. I wonder if there’s a subtle scenario with how NumPy handles scalar operations or if I’m missing something in the broadcasting rules. I’ve tried reshaping the scalar using `scalar_value.reshape(1, 1)` but that results in a different behavior. Additionally, I checked the version of NumPy I’m using, which is `1.21.0`. Any guidance on how to properly perform this operation without running into broadcasting issues would be greatly appreciated! My development environment is Ubuntu. Has anyone else encountered this? My development environment is macOS. What's the best practice here?