Designing a Python 3.x API with JWT Authentication and Rate Limiting
I've encountered a strange issue with I've tried everything I can think of but I'm relatively new to this, so bear with me... Currently developing a RESTful API using Flask for a microservices architecture. One of the requirements is to implement JWT (JSON Web Tokens) for authentication along with rate limiting to protect our endpoints from abuse. I've set up Flask-JWT-Extended for managing token creation and verification, but I’m unsure how to integrate effective rate limiting. I've tried using Flask-Limiter but am struggling with the configuration to ensure that it works seamlessly with JWT authentication. Here’s a simplified version of what I have: ```python from flask import Flask, request, jsonify from flask_jwt_extended import JWTManager, create_access_token, jwt_required from flask_limiter import Limiter app = Flask(__name__) app.config["JWT_SECRET_KEY"] = "your_secret_key" jwt = JWTManager(app) limiter = Limiter(app, key_func=get_remote_address) @limiter.limit("5 per minute") @app.route('/api/login', methods=['POST']) def login(): username = request.json.get('username') password = request.json.get('password') # Validate credentials here... access_token = create_access_token(identity=username) return jsonify(access_token=access_token) @limiter.limit("10 per minute") @app.route('/api/protected', methods=['GET']) @jwt_required() def protected(): return jsonify(msg="This is a protected endpoint") ``` The rate limiting seems to apply only to the `/api/login` endpoint, but I want to ensure that it applies across all endpoints, particularly the protected ones as well. Additionally, if someone exceeds the limit, how should I handle the responses to ensure users understand what’s happening? I’ve read through the Flask-Limiter documentation but could use some practical examples or best practices that can help me refine this implementation. Another concern is potential race conditions when tokens are created. What’s the best way to handle situations where multiple requests might come in at the same time? Would using a locking mechanism help, or is there a more elegant approach? Any insights or code reviews would be greatly appreciated! For context: I'm using Python on macOS. I'd really appreciate any guidance on this. I'm using Python latest in this project. Any advice would be much appreciated. Has anyone else encountered this?