advanced patterns with bitwise operations and integer overflow in C
I'm confused about I'm building a feature where I'm getting frustrated with I'm experiencing unexpected behavior when using bitwise operations on integers in C, specifically with signed integers. I'm working with GCC version 10.2 on a Linux system, and I have the following code snippet: ```c #include <stdio.h> #include <limits.h> int main() { int a = INT_MAX; // 2147483647 int b = 1; int result; // Bitwise OR operation result = a | b; printf("Result of %d | %d = %d\n", a, b, result); // Bitwise AND operation result = a & b; printf("Result of %d & %d = %d\n", a, b, result); // Bitwise XOR operation result = a ^ b; printf("Result of %d ^ %d = %d\n", a, b, result); // Checking overflow with addition result = a + b; printf("Result of %d + %d = %d\n", a, b, result); return 0; } ``` I expected the output of `a | b` to be `2147483647`, `a & b` to yield `1`, and `a ^ b` to yield `2147483646`. However, when I run this code, the addition `result = a + b;` causes an overflow, leading to undefined behavior. The program runs without errors, but `result` for the addition shows `-2147483648`, which is puzzling. Is there a specific way to handle these operations to prevent undefined behavior in C, especially when nearing the limits of integer types? I've also tried using `unsigned int` instead of `int`, but that leads to a lost sign in my calculations, which I need to retain. Any insights would be appreciated! My development environment is Windows 11. Thanks in advance! I'm on Windows 10 using the latest version of C. Is there a better approach? I'm coming from a different tech stack and learning C. I'm open to any suggestions. Thanks, I really appreciate it!