Java 17 Optional: How to effectively handle nested Optionals without excessive flatMapping?
I'm experimenting with I'm currently working on a Java 17 project where I'm dealing with a nested structure of Optionals that I need to flatten without ending up with excessive boilerplate code... The scenario involves fetching a user's profile, which might or might not have an associated address, and I want to extract the city name from the address if it exists. Here's a simplified version of my code: ```java Optional<UserProfile> userProfile = getUserProfile(userId); Optional<String> city = userProfile.flatMap(UserProfile::getAddress) .map(Address::getCity); ``` This works well, but I'm wondering if there's a cleaner or more efficient way to handle multiple layers of Optionals without chaining too many `flatMap` calls. For instance, if in the future I need to access more nested properties (like the state or zip code), the code could get unwieldy very quickly. I've also tried using `Optional.ofNullable()` on each level, but that just adds more complexity and doesn't feel as fluent. Is there a best practice for managing deeply nested Optional structures in a readable way? Additionally, I faced a `NoSuchElementException` while testing when a user profile didn't have an address. I want to avoid that and ensure scalability in my approach. Any suggestions would be appreciated! I'm developing on Windows 11 with Java.