Selenium WebDriver: How to Handle Dynamic Content Loading with Explicit Waits in AngularJS
I'm optimizing some code but I'm performance testing and I'm working with issues with Selenium WebDriver when trying to interact with elements on a page built with AngularJS. The page loads content dynamically, and I'm working with a `StaleElementReferenceException` when trying to click on a button that is supposed to appear after an AJAX call. I have tried using both implicit waits and explicit waits, but it seems like the button is not yet present when I attempt to click it. Here’s the code snippet that I'm currently using: ```java WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)); WebElement button = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.id("myButton"))); button.click(); ``` The scenario arises intermittently; sometimes it works, but most of the time, it throws the following behavior: ``` org.openqa.selenium.StaleElementReferenceException: The element reference is stale; either the element is no longer attached to the DOM or the page has been refreshed. ``` I’ve tried refreshing the element reference right before clicking it by re-fetching the button like this: ```java WebElement button = driver.findElement(By.id("myButton")); wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(button)); button.click(); ``` However, that still leads to the same exception. I suspect it might be a timing scenario due to Angular's digest cycle. I also tried adding a sleep statement as a quick fix, but I know that’s not a best practice and doesn’t guarantee that the button will be ready: ```java Thread.sleep(2000); ``` Is there a more reliable way to wait for dynamic content to load without running into `StaleElementReferenceException`? Any suggestions on how to handle these kinds of scenarios effectively with Selenium WebDriver? For context: I'm using Java on Linux. I'm working in a Windows 11 environment. What's the best practice here? The stack includes Java and several other technologies. I'd be grateful for any help. Is there a simpler solution I'm overlooking?