advanced patterns in Python Function Decorator with Stateful Closure Variables
I need some guidance on I'm stuck trying to I'm trying to implement I'm running into an scenario while trying to create a function decorator in Python that retains state between calls, but I'm not getting the expected output... My decorator is supposed to count how many times a function has been called. Here's the code I'm using: ```python def count_calls(func): call_count = 0 # This should continue across function calls def wrapper(*args, **kwargs): nonlocal call_count call_count += 1 print(f'Function {func.__name__} has been called {call_count} times.') return func(*args, **kwargs) return wrapper @count_calls def my_function(x): return x * 2 ``` When I call `my_function(3)` multiple times: ```python my_function(3) my_function(5) my_function(10) ``` I expect the output to show the call count incrementing with each call, but instead, I'm getting the same call count every time: ``` Function my_function has been called 1 times. Function my_function has been called 1 times. Function my_function has been called 1 times. ``` I've tried changing `call_count` to a global variable, but that led to a different type of behavior where the state was not correctly isolated for each function call. I also considered using a class-based approach but want to keep my solution simple. What am I doing wrong with my decorator implementation? How can I ensure that `call_count` properly retains its state across multiple calls to `my_function`? What's the correct way to implement this? I'm on Linux using the latest version of Python. This is my first time working with Python 3.10. I appreciate any insights!