SSL Certificate Verification scenarios for cURL Requests on Debian 11
I've searched everywhere and can't find a clear answer. I recently switched to I'm working on a personal project and I'm working with a frustrating scenario with cURL on my Debian 11 server where SSL certificate verification fails for requests to certain HTTPS endpoints..... Specifically, when I attempt to fetch an API from a known trusted provider, I receive the following behavior: `cURL behavior 60: SSL certificate question: unable to get local issuer certificate`. I have verified that the certificate chain is valid and the API endpoint works correctly when accessed via a browser. To troubleshoot, I ensured that the necessary CA certificates are installed by running `apt-get install ca-certificates`. Additionally, I checked the `/etc/ssl/certs` directory, and the relevant certificates seem to be present. I've also updated cURL to version 7.74.0, as there were known issues with SSL in earlier versions. Here’s the PHP code snippet I’m using to make the cURL request: ```php $ch = curl_init(); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, 'https://api.trustedprovider.com/data'); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, true); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, 2); $result = curl_exec($ch); if (curl_errno($ch)) { echo 'behavior:' . curl_error($ch); } curl_close($ch); ``` I've also tried setting `CURLOPT_CAINFO` to specify the path to the `cacert.pem` file, but that did not resolve the scenario. Here’s how I tried that: ```php curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_CAINFO, '/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt'); ``` I’ve searched for potential solutions but am unsure whether this could be an scenario with the OpenSSL version or a misconfiguration somewhere. Any guidance on how to resolve this SSL verification question would be greatly appreciated. Has anyone dealt with something similar? What would be the recommended way to handle this? Any examples would be super helpful.