Intermittent database connection implementing PDO in PHP 8.1 using MySQL
This might be a silly question, but Quick question that's been bugging me - I'm currently working with intermittent database connection issues while using PDO in PHP 8.1 with MySQL. I'm working on a web application that has high traffic periods, and during these times, occasionally I see a `SQLSTATE[HY000] [1040] Too many connections` behavior. I've checked the MySQL configuration and increased the `max_connections` setting from 151 to 300, yet the scenario continues during peak loads. Here's how I'm currently establishing the database connection: ```php try { $dsn = 'mysql:host=localhost;dbname=mydatabase;charset=utf8'; $options = [ PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE => PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION, PDO::ATTR_DEFAULT_FETCH_MODE => PDO::FETCH_ASSOC, PDO::ATTR_EMULATE_PREPARES => false, ]; $pdo = new PDO($dsn, 'username', 'password', $options); } catch (PDOException $e) { echo 'Connection failed: ' . $e->getMessage(); } ``` I'm using a connection pooler (PHP-FPM) and tried to optimize my queries as well. I've also monitored the usage using `SHOW PROCESSLIST` in MySQL, and sometimes I see a lot of sleeping connections that don't get released. I've also implemented persistent connections by adding `PDO::ATTR_PERSISTENT => true` to the options, but this seems to worsen the situation. Could there be other best practices or configurations I might be overlooking to better manage my connections and avoid this behavior during high traffic? Any insights into debugging this would be greatly appreciated! What am I doing wrong? I'm working on a web app that needs to handle this.